The Temple of Literature (Van Mieu – Quoc Tu Giam) was established in 1070 under King Ly Thanh Tong as a place dedicated to Confucius and other scholars. Six years later, in 1076, the Quoc Tu Giam (Imperial Academy) was established here, becoming Vietnam’s first national academy and the country’s highest educational institution under the feudal system.

The complex is arranged along a central axis and features a series of courtyards, gardens and traditional Vietnamese architectural structures. Among its most recognisable features are Khue Van Pavilion, Thien Quang Well, the Great Success Hall and the Imperial Academy. The Doctoral Stelae, which record the names of successful candidates from royal examinations, are among the site’s most important historical treasures and were recognised by UNESCO as World Documentary Heritage in 2011.

Beyond its architecture, the Temple of Literature represents Vietnam’s long-standing tradition of respecting education, teachers and scholarship. Today, it remains one of Hanoi’s most significant cultural attractions and offers visitors a glimpse into the intellectual and educational heritage of Vietnam’s imperial past.