Bich Dong Pagoda is one of Ninh Binh’s most distinctive Buddhist landmarks, celebrated for its harmonious blend of ancient architecture, natural caves and dramatic limestone scenery. Its origins date back to 1428, during the Later Le Dynasty, when a small pagoda was established on the mountain. In 1705, two Buddhist monks, Tri Kien and Tri The, renovated and expanded the site into the three-pagoda complex seen today. The name Bich Dong, meaning “Green Pearl Cave,” was given by Lord Trinh Sam following his visit in 1774.

The complex consists of three separate sanctuaries arranged at different elevations along the mountainside. Ha Pagoda stands at the foot of the mountain, Trung Pagoda is built partly inside a natural cave, and Thuong Pagoda occupies a higher position with views over the surrounding landscape. Traditional wooden structures, curved tiled roofs, stone stairways and cave interiors give each level its own character.

One of the most distinctive features is Dark Cave, located above Trung Pagoda. Inside, visitors can see natural rock formations and a large bronze bell cast in 1707. The climb continues along stone steps through the mountainside to Thuong Pagoda, where the surrounding peaks, vegetation and countryside create a peaceful setting for reflection and photography.

Bich Dong Pagoda forms part of the Trang An Scenic Landscape Complex, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and is an excellent addition to a cultural and nature-focused itinerary. Visitors can combine the pagoda with a boat trip through Tam Coc, cycling through nearby villages and exploring the rice fields and limestone landscapes of Ninh Binh. Comfortable footwear is recommended, as the upper pagodas require climbing uneven stone steps.