But Thap Pagoda, also known as Ninh Phuc Pagoda, is one of northern Vietnam’s most outstanding examples of traditional Buddhist architecture. Situated on the southern bank of the Duong River, the pagoda is celebrated for its harmonious layout, intricate woodcarvings and exceptional collection of religious sculptures. Its origins date back many centuries, with major renovations and expansions during the Tran Dynasty and the 17th century.

The complex reflects the traditional Vietnamese architectural principle known as Noi Cong Ngoai Quoc, a layout that organises buildings and courtyards into a carefully balanced composition. Passing through the entrance gate, visitors encounter a sequence of temple halls, courtyards, a bell tower and stone structures. Weathered timber, tiled roofs, carved decorative details and peaceful garden spaces give the pagoda a distinctive historical atmosphere.

One of its greatest treasures is the thousand-eyed and thousand-armed Avalokitesvara statue, a remarkable 17th-century masterpiece representing the Buddhist bodhisattva of compassion. Carved with extraordinary detail, the statue symbolises the ability to see suffering and offer help in every direction. The pagoda also preserves other nationally recognised treasures, including the Three-Buddha statues, a nine-storey lotus-shaped wooden tower and an intricately carved stone altar.

Beyond its architectural and artistic value, But Thap Pagoda remains an active place of Buddhist worship. Its annual festival, held in the third lunar month, attracts worshippers and visitors who come to offer prayers, honour Buddhist traditions and participate in local cultural activities. Outside festival periods, the complex generally offers a quieter setting for appreciating its architecture and spiritual atmosphere.

For travellers interested in Vietnamese history, Buddhism and traditional craftsmanship, But Thap Pagoda is a rewarding cultural excursion from Hanoi. It can be combined with other heritage sites in Bac Ninh, including Dong Ho Painting Village and Dau Pagoda, for a deeper exploration of the Kinh Bac region.